#TRANSIENT EPILEPTIC AMNESIA SYMPTOMS SERIES#
#TRANSIENT EPILEPTIC AMNESIA SYMPTOMS FREE#

Axial FLAIR images (D), axial T1-weighted brain MRI (E), and coronal T1-weighted brain MRI (F) showed amygdala enlargement (red arrow) with high signal intensity in the FLAIR images.ĮEG: electroencephalogram, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, FLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. The EEG captured one event of electrographic seizure, which originated from the right temporal area (A) and several interictal sharp waves (black arrow) in bilateral temporal (T8 or P8 F7) areas (B, C). Overnight EEG video and brain MRI findings of the patient.

#TRANSIENT EPILEPTIC AMNESIA SYMPTOMS FREE#

He remained free from transient amnesic episodes after treatment with oxcarbazepine at 600 mg/day. Based on the criteria proposed by Zeman et al., 3 the patient was diagnosed with TEA.

#TRANSIENT EPILEPTIC AMNESIA SYMPTOMS SERIES#

The results of the chest and abdominal computed tomography, as well as autoimmune and a series of paraneoplastic antibody tests (lupus anticoagulant test, anti-nuclear antibody, anti-neutrophil autoantibodies, anti-Hu, anti-Ri, anti-Yo, anti-amphiphysin, anti-collapsing response-mediator protein-5, anti-paraneoplastic Ma antigen 2, anti-recoverin, anti-glial nuclear antibody, and anti-Titin) were unremarkable. As differential diagnoses for etiologies of amygdala enlargement, we considered autoimmune/paraneoplastic encephalitis, tumor (glioma and astrocytoma), and others. 1D-F) showed amygdala enlargement with hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, which was more remarkable on the right side. 1A), and several interictal sharp waves in bilateral temporal areas ( Fig.

His electroencephalogram (EEG) captured one event of electrographic seizure, which originated from the right temporal area ( Fig. His performance in detailed neuropsychological evaluations was within the normal range, considering his age and education. In the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination, he scored 29 out of 30. Differential diagnoses including TEA, TGA, transient ischemic attacks, and neurodegenerative diseases were considered. His physical and neurological examinations were unremarkable. He was on medication for dyslipidemia and hypertension. He was unable to remember sleeping at his son’s house and kept asking, “Where am I?” “Why am I here?” or “What day is it today?” Otherwise, he was responsive and did not show any automatisms. In a representative episode, he experienced transient amnesia the day after his birthday party at his son’s house.

In the last 9 months, there were 4 transient amnestic episodes lasting from a few to thirty minutes, which were witnessed by his wife.

For the past 5 years, he had occasionally experienced short-duration memory loss. Here, we report the case of a patient with TEA accompanied by amygdala enlargement who presented to a dementia clinic.Ī 62-year-old, right-handed, and 9-year-educated man presented with recurrent episodic memory loss. These most commonly involve the mesial temporal lobes, 2 which might provide some hints to clinicians in dementia clinics for diagnosing TEA. 1 In some patients with TEA, suspected causative abnormalities are detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, it is often mistaken for neurodegenerative disease, transient global amnesia (TGA), cerebrovascular disease, and functional amnesia because amnesia is the only manifestation in some patients, unaccompanied by symptoms such as olfactory hallucination, motor automatisms, or brief unresponsiveness. It is an important cause of memory loss in older people because it could be treatable. Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a distinct syndrome of late-onset limbic epilepsy of unknown cause, typically occurring in old age.

Transient epileptic amnesia symptoms